Studi Numerik Respons Crashworthiness Lokomotif CC206 Berbasis Model Representatif

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Adhita Prasetia
Muki Setya Permana
M. Agus Kariem

Abstract

Peningkatan kecepatan operasi kereta api berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya risiko dan tingkat keparahan kecelakaan sehingga aspek crashworthiness menjadi isu penting dalam perancangan dan pengoperasian lokomotif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respons crashworthiness lokomotif CC206 menggunakan model representatif berbasis metode elemen hingga (MEH). Struktur lokomotif dimodelkan menggunakan elemen shell yang dibagi menjadi empat bagian utama, yaitu kabin depan, underframe, kompartemen mesin, dan kabin belakang. Skenario tumbukan dimodelkan sebagai tabrakan frontal antara lokomotif bermassa 90 ton dengan dinding kaku pada kecepatan awal 27,7 m/s. Material struktur diasumsikan menggunakan baja ASTM A36 dan dimodelkan menggunakan model plastisitas Johnson–Cook untuk merepresentasikan perilaku deformasi nonlinier akibat laju regangan tinggi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa energi kinetik lokomotif dengan cepat berubah menjadi energi internal dalam waktu kurang dari 0,1 detik setelah tumbukan. Deformasi signifikan terjadi di kabin depan hingga menghilangkan ruang selamat awak, sementara underframe mengalami gaya angkat yang berpotensi menyebabkan fenomena climbing. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur representatif lokomotif CC206 belum mampu memberikan perlindungan optimal bagi awak pada kondisi tumbukan berkecepatan tinggi. Oleh karena itu, penerapan komponen crash energy management (CEM), seperti collision post dan struktur penyerap energi, menjadi sangat penting untuk meningkatkan keselamatan lokomotif.

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