Risk Analysis of Hybrid Rising-Barrier Systems at Railway Level Crossings using FMEA (Case Study: West Sumatra, Indonesia)

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Published: 2025-12-29
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25104/mtm.v23i2.2461
Keywords:
FMEA, level crossing, railway safety, rising-barrier, risk analysis
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Dia Cahaya Putri
Master Programme in Transportation Systems and Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Danang Parikesit
Master Programme in Transportation Systems and Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Mukhammad Rizka Fahmi Amrozi
Master Programme in Transportation Systems and Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract

Safety at railway level crossings in Indonesia remains a critical concern, particularly at crossings without physical barriers or those relying solely on early warning systems (EWS). Spatial constraints, high dependence on human operators, and low compliance among road users increase the likelihood of system failure and the risk of accidents. This study aims to identify potential failure modes and evaluate the safety performance of a hybrid rising-barrier-based level crossing protection system using the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) approach. The methodology focuses on the systematic identification of key system components, the determination of critical failure modes, and the assessment of risk parameters including severity, occurrence, and detectability to calculate the risk priority number (RPN). A comparative evaluation of pre- and post-mitigation conditions was conducted to examine the effectiveness of proposed technical and operational risk reduction measures. The analysis was applied to level crossings in West Sumatra, Indonesia, representing environments with high accident exposure and limited infrastructure capacity. The results indicate that the hybrid rising-barrier system demonstrates improved safety robustness compared with conventional systems, particularly in reducing risks associated with road-user violations and reliance on manual operation. The implementation of targeted mitigation strategies led to a substantial reduction in risk priority number values, especially for failure modes related to delayed activation and failures in object detection. The study demonstrates that the FMEA approach can support systematic risk identification and their prioritization for railway level crossing protection systems under Indonesian operational conditions.

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Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Desember

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