Desain Kapal Multiguna Sesuai Kondisi Perairan dan Permintaan Transportasi Laut Dalam Mendukung Percepatan dan Perluasan Ekonomi Kepulauan di KTI
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Abstract
Kawasan Timur Indonesia terdiri dari banyak gugus pulau besar dan kecil, hasil komoditi masih terbatas (sembako dan bahan strategis) dalam mencukupi kebutuhan masyarakat sehingga masih mayoritas supply dari wilayah barat, beragam, dan tersebar tidak merata. Sehingga, diperlukan suatu alat angkut yang dapat mendistribusikan komoditi melalui pelabuhan pengumpul dan pengumpan regional/lokal. Untuk efektif dan efisien transportasi, dibutuhkan suatu alat angkut sesuai karakteristik permintaan transportasi laut KTI yaitu berupa kapal multiguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mewujudkan suatu sistem angkutan laut yang optimal, memperbaiki dan menemukan cara pengangkutan laut yang layak teknis dan ekonomis melalui perekayasaan alat angkutan laut multiguna (kapal serbaguna), dan bersifat kuantitatif, menggunakan metode optimalisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapal multiguna yang sesuai untuk wilayah kepulauan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia berciri Roro, Lolo, dan LCT, dapat dipergunakan untuk mengangkut berbagai keperluan dan jenis muatan (penumpang, general kargo/kontainer dan muatan roda). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan muatan roda semakin meningkat sehingga permintaan jenis tipe kapal Roro menjadi acuan perencanaan desain kapal multiguna. Berdasarkan batasan optimalisasi (constrains optimization) yaitu batasan kondisi geografi, infrastruktur (fasilitas pelabuhan), dan oseanografi diperoleh ukuran kapal yang optimal untuk Kawasan Timur Indonesia adalah kapal multiguna berukuran 800 GRT, dapat mengangkut kendaraan beroda, penumpang dan general kargo (konsep berupa gambar lines plan, general arrangement, hydrostatic curve, kebutuhan tenaga penggerak, serta lengkung stabilitas kapal multiguna seperti terlampir).
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