Analisis Koefisien Drag terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Bakar pada Bus Normal Deck dan Double Decker Menggunakan Metode CFD
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Abstract
Salah satu jenis transportasi darat yang sangat populer di kalangan masyarakat adalah bus. Perusahaan otobus sebagai penyedia mengeluarkan berbagai jenis bus sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2012 tentang Kendaraan yang mengatur ketentuan baru untuk jenis kendaraan buatan Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, muncul bus baru seperti high deck, super high decker, dan double bus tingkat. Perusahaan cenderung mengeluarkan bus baru dengan desain yang mendukung optimalisasi efisiensi bahan bakar, seperti meluncurkan bodi bus yang lebih ramping untuk mengurangi hambatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bentuk aerodinamis dua model bus (normal deck dan double decker) terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar. Penelitian ini menggunakan perangkat lunak Solidworks 2013 untuk menghitung dan merancang CFD. Pada simulasi CFD, koefisien drag bus normal deck mencapai 0.863504 dan pada bus double decker mencapai 0.964067. Hasil koefisien drag tersebut diubah menjadi usaha perjalanan satu tahun, yaitu bus normal deck yang mencapai 660.577.482 kJ/tahun, sedangkan pada bus double decker dapat mencapai 972.861.070 kJ/tahun. Setelah memperhitungkan input energi hasil yang dibagi dengan efisiensi mesin yang dikeluarkan, persentase efisiensi konsumsi bahan bakar untuk normal deck mencapai 40,44% dan double decker mencapai 59,56%. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan kebijakan pemerintah dalam memberikan arahan kepada perusahaan bus dan karoseri agar selalu membuat desain bus dengan mengutamakan bentuk yang ramping untuk mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar.
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