Dinamika Hubungan Antar pemerintah dalam Kebijakan Subsidi Transportasi Perkotaan Skema Buy the Service

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Amirulloh Amirulloh
Bambang Dwi Suseno
M. Ali Iqbal
Munawaroh Zainal

Abstract

Kebijakan subsidi transportasi perkotaan skema Buy the Service (BTS) menghadapi tantangan koordinasi, penyelarasan pusat–daerah, kapasitas kelembagaan, dan resistensi aktor sehingga efektivitas implementasinya belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tujuh variabel anteseden terhadap efektivitas kebijakan BTS dan menguji peran mediasi otoritas pemerintah daerah. Penelitian dilakukan pada 14 kota penyelenggara BTS dengan 400 responden yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Analisis menggunakan Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) untuk menguji validitas, reliabilitas, path coefficients, effect size, dan mediasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa otoritas Pemda menjadi penentu utama efektivitas kebijakan, dengan pengaruh langsung terbesar yaitu 0,626. Efek mediasi juga signifikan pada seluruh variabel, terutama penyelarasan kebijakan (0,234) dan resistensi (0,232). Model memenuhi syarat validitas dan tidak mengalami multikolinearitas (VIF < 5). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa efektivitas kebijakan subsidi transportasi perkotaan skema BTS sangat dipengaruhi oleh peran otoritas pemerintah daerah sebagai mediator utama yang paling menentukan kinerja layanan. Secara umum, rekomendasi penelitian meliputi penguatan kewenangan dan kapasitas institusional pemerintah daerah, penyelarasan kebijakan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, pengelolaan resistensi para aktor terdampak, penyempurnaan desain regulasi berbasis kinerja, serta peningkatan partisipasi publik dan sistem monitoring berbasis data guna meningkatkan akuntabilitas dan keberlanjutan implementasi kebijakan BTS.

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